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Quick Answers

What thickness of plywood is best for a subfloor?
Most residential subfloors use 19/32-inch (tongue-and-groove) or 23/32-inch plywood installed over joists spaced 16 inches on center. For joists 19.2 inches or 24 inches apart, 3/4-inch panels are preferred to prevent long-term deflection. Always defer to your local code and your floor-covering manufacturer's specification when they exceed these general guidelines.
Is OSB or plywood better for a subfloor?
Both are code-approved for subfloor use, but plywood typically handles repeated moisture cycles better and holds edge fasteners more firmly. OSB is stiffer per dollar and is widely used in new construction, while plywood is often preferred for renovations or areas with higher humidity. Whichever you choose, look for an APA Rated Sheathing or Sturd-I-Floor stamp.
Do subfloor panels need to be tongue-and-groove?
Tongue-and-groove plywood is strongly preferred because it ties adjacent panels together, reduces edge deflection, and helps prevent squeaks. Square-edge panels can be used if blocking is installed under every unsupported edge. Most modern subfloor panels sold for residential use ship with machined T&G edges.
What is the difference between a subfloor and an underlayment?
The subfloor is the structural plywood or OSB attached directly to the floor joists, while underlayment is a thinner layer — typically 1/4-inch — laid on top to smooth the surface before the finish flooring. The subfloor carries the load; the underlayment levels the substrate. Not every installation needs underlayment — hardwood and engineered planks often go directly on the subfloor.